The outcome of 9 years of consecutive patch testing with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND Two outbreaks of allergic contact dermatitis caused by isocyanates at two companies in southern Sweden initiated a research project focusing on contact allergy to isocyanates. Within the project, there was an interest in determining how often contact allergy to the most common isocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), occurred. OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the occurrence of contact allergy to 4,4'-MDI, its corresponding amine 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-MDA), and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) in a Swedish and a Belgian study population. Patients and method. The study population consisted of 6190 consecutively patch tested dermatitis patients: 5690 patients from Malmö, Sweden, and 500 patients from Leuven, Belgium. Patch test results were analysed and compared. RESULTS None of the Belgian patients reacted positively to 4,4'-MDI, but 5 Swedish patients did. Contact allergy to 4,4'-MDA was more common in the Belgian patients than in the Swedish patients: 3.6% and 0.9%, respectively. This could possibly be explained by the fact that the prevalence of p-phenylenediamine allergy was higher in the Belgian population. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of contact allergy to 4,4'-MDI, 4,4'-MDA and PMDI is not high enough to justify their inclusion in any baseline series. Isocyanate allergic individuals should be detected by aimed testing with an isocyanate series and work materials.
منابع مشابه
Sensitization and cross‐reactivity patterns of contact allergy to diisocyanates and corresponding amines: investigation of diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate, diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diamine, dicyclohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate, and dicylohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diamine
BACKGROUND Isocyanates are used in polyurethane production. Dermal exposure to isocyanates can induce contact allergy. The most common isocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate used for industrial purposes. The isomer diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) is used in patch testing. Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diamine (4,4'-MDA) is its corresponding amine. Concurrent reactions to 4,4'-MDI and 4,...
متن کاملOccupational allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in workers exposed to polyurethane foam.
OBJECTIVES To evaluate sensitization to chemicals present in work environment after an outbreak of contact dermatitis in workers of vehicle equipment factory, exposed to polyurethane foam, based on 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). MATERIAL AND METHODS From among 300 employees, 21 individuals reporting work-related skin and/or respiratory tract symptoms underwent clinical examination, ...
متن کاملSensitizing Capacities and Cross-Reactivity Patterns of Some Diisocyanates and Amines Using the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test. Can p-phenylenediamine be Used as a Marker for Diisocyanate Contact Allergy?
Received: July 28, 2017 Revised: October 17, 2017 Accepted: November 02, 2017 Abstract: Background: Isocyanates are mainly considered respiratory allergens but can also cause contact allergy. Diphenylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′MDA) has been considered a marker for diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) contact allergy. Furthermore, overrepresentation of positive patch-test reactions to p-p...
متن کامل4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and polymeric 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate.
1.1 Chemical and physical data 1.1.1 Nomenclature Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: (a) 101-68-8 (monomer) and (b) 26447-40-5 Chem. Abstr. Name: 1,1′-Methylenebis(4-isocyanatobenzene) IUPAC Systematic Names: For 101-68-8: isocyanic acid, methylenedi-paraphenylene ester Synonyms: Bis(1,4-isocyanatophenyl)methane; diphenylmethane diisocyanate; MDI; methylenedi-para-phenylene isocyanate and for 26447-4...
متن کاملElimination kinetics of diisocyanates after specific inhalative challenges in humans: mass spectrometry analysis, as a basis for biomonitoring strategies
BACKGROUND Isocyanates are some of the leading occupational causes of respiratory disorders, predominantly asthma. Adequate exposure monitoring may recognize risk factors and help to prevent the onset or aggravation of these aliments. Though, the biomonitoring appears to be most suitable for exposure assessment, the sampling time is critical, however. In order to settle the optimal time point f...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Contact dermatitis
دوره 68 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013